The tenth week of the semester I presented sport. Despite the fact I know next to nothing about sport, I was extremely keen to present again.
I asked the sports editor Gareth Messenger to help me with the scripting and talk me through the sports stories for the week.
The guest editor for the week was Geoff Hill, the news editor from CNN, so I was keen to do well.
Everything went fairly smoothly. There were unfortunately some technical difficulties during the news as one of the VTs would not play, but Kieran Brannigan, the news presenter for the week, recovered well and the bulletin was successful. Geoff Hill praised the production team for recovering from the technical difficulty and explained that it is not something to be criticised but something we must all experience as it a difficulty anyone in the profession could encounter.
I managed to present sport confidently and again avoided stuttering or adding words to the script as I seemed to do in rehearsals. I was pleased to have had another chance to present.
Thursday 12 May 2011
WINOL Semester Two, Weeks Eight and Nine
After a four week Easter break I had now moved onto production. There was no bulletin to be recorded this on week eight due to the bank holiday, so it was mostly meetings in preparation for the next week.
For week nine, I was eased into production. I had never contributed to any of the production during the bulletin so I was shown how to use the sound board and briefly shown vision mixing. I was more of a runner as I did not feel confident enough to be put in charge of something which was key to the bulletin, as I did not want the responsibility of ruining something vital. Instead I chased up timings, collated the order of the bulletin and then sat in the gallery whilst the bulletin was recorded so I could see how everything worked and what roles each member of production team was in charge of.
Although a lot of work and precision goes into filming the bulletin it was not as over complex as I had expected.
For week nine, I was eased into production. I had never contributed to any of the production during the bulletin so I was shown how to use the sound board and briefly shown vision mixing. I was more of a runner as I did not feel confident enough to be put in charge of something which was key to the bulletin, as I did not want the responsibility of ruining something vital. Instead I chased up timings, collated the order of the bulletin and then sat in the gallery whilst the bulletin was recorded so I could see how everything worked and what roles each member of production team was in charge of.
Although a lot of work and precision goes into filming the bulletin it was not as over complex as I had expected.
WINOL Semester Two, Week Seven
Despite only having been on news for a short time, I was a little relieved for week seven to be my last on the news team. I found a light-hearted story on a fundraising event at a Winchester restaurant in aid of the Japanese tsunami. I contacted the restaurant for permission to film and they happily agreed and even said myself and three peers could get complimentary meals. Mentioning any sort of publicity and press pass clearly pays off.
The filming went well, especially as the restaurant was so busy and there was a lot to film. I got an interview with one of the event co-ordinators and one of the waitresses who was set to go back to Japan the following day.
Editing was a little stressful as it all had to be finished by 12pm that day but as soon as I scripted my voiceover and knew how much time I had for the package it all seemed to run fairly smoothly.
Although it was only a short piece, it was an achievement to get a fourth package into the bulletin. The main criticism I received was that not enough of the atmosphere was captured and that I could have used much stronger shots to emphasise the community spirit and generosity.
Looking back at my stint on news, I do not think I realised how difficult it would be to put together a high quality and interesting news package every week. However, I think it is hugely beneficial to try and localise national stories. It is important to look at BBC News and websites for national papers, rather than focussing on reading local papers and local press releases.
The filming went well, especially as the restaurant was so busy and there was a lot to film. I got an interview with one of the event co-ordinators and one of the waitresses who was set to go back to Japan the following day.
Editing was a little stressful as it all had to be finished by 12pm that day but as soon as I scripted my voiceover and knew how much time I had for the package it all seemed to run fairly smoothly.
Although it was only a short piece, it was an achievement to get a fourth package into the bulletin. The main criticism I received was that not enough of the atmosphere was captured and that I could have used much stronger shots to emphasise the community spirit and generosity.
Looking back at my stint on news, I do not think I realised how difficult it would be to put together a high quality and interesting news package every week. However, I think it is hugely beneficial to try and localise national stories. It is important to look at BBC News and websites for national papers, rather than focussing on reading local papers and local press releases.
WINOL Semester Two, Week Six
Week Six on WINOL turned out to be a bit of a disaster. The news stories I had come prepared with were weak or in the case of some, filled with legal issues. My editor asked me to contact Ali Al- Jamri again to see if we could set up another skype interview with his father to get an update on the Bahrain situation.
I drafted a list of questions and scripted a rough draft for the opening of the package, prepared all my links and handed them to the WINOL editor in preparation. Unfortunately due to what I can only say was a total lack of communication, another interview with a different Bahraini correspondent had been set up and was being conducted by my news editor.
I was, of course disheartened as it meant I would now not have anything for the bulletin this week. It was explained that there had been mixed communications on who was taking the interview and who it had been set up with. It emphasised the importance of constant communication within the news team to avoid any further incidents such as this.
I drafted a list of questions and scripted a rough draft for the opening of the package, prepared all my links and handed them to the WINOL editor in preparation. Unfortunately due to what I can only say was a total lack of communication, another interview with a different Bahraini correspondent had been set up and was being conducted by my news editor.
I was, of course disheartened as it meant I would now not have anything for the bulletin this week. It was explained that there had been mixed communications on who was taking the interview and who it had been set up with. It emphasised the importance of constant communication within the news team to avoid any further incidents such as this.
WINOL Semester Two, Week Four
The fourth week on news actually turned out to be quite a big one for me. My news editor wanted to broaden our stories from being just Winchester based and look at something a bit further afield. One of the first year students on the course, Ali Al- Jamri, has connections to Bahrain, as his father works as a journalist out there. I contacted Ali and asked whether it would be possible to set up a skype interview with his father to discuss the deteriorating situation in the Middle East and to find out what it is like to be a journalist in country experiencing such political unrest.
The skype interview was set up for the Tuesday to ensure there was enough time to edit everything and in a way test the waters to see how successful the interview method would be.
I wrote out a list of questions and made sure I had done enough background research on the recent events and protests in Bahrain to be able to discuss them if necessary. I felt surprisingly nervous about interviewing a journalist and I also prepared myself for any technical difficulties.
The actual interview went very well and despite a few issues to begin with, skype worked really well. Mr Al- Jamri spoke of such a broad range of concerns in Bahrain, that I had plenty to work with and choose from for my package.
I also interviewed Ali to localise the story and to strengthen the human interest topic in the piece. I managed to find copyright free footage from www.creativecommons.com of the recent Bahrain protests which was fantastic to use as a headline clip and really emphasised the story.
I planned exactly how I wanted the package to open and which clips from the interview I wanted to use. I opened with a short interview clip from Ali, followed by clips of the protests to link across to the interview with Mr Al- Jamri. I was thoroughly pleased with the scripting and overall outcome of the package. The guest editor on WINOL that week was Tom Hepworth from BBC South and I received some really positive feedback from him on my package. He said he liked my opening interview with Ali as it was slightly unconventional but worked well, although I could have used more shots of Ali’s face at the end to emphasise the human interest and local connections in the story.
Overall, I was really pleased with how the package turned out and I was proud to say I managed to successfully conduct a skype interview, use copyright free footage and localise a story which is such a huge worldwide newsworthy topic.
The skype interview was set up for the Tuesday to ensure there was enough time to edit everything and in a way test the waters to see how successful the interview method would be.
I wrote out a list of questions and made sure I had done enough background research on the recent events and protests in Bahrain to be able to discuss them if necessary. I felt surprisingly nervous about interviewing a journalist and I also prepared myself for any technical difficulties.
The actual interview went very well and despite a few issues to begin with, skype worked really well. Mr Al- Jamri spoke of such a broad range of concerns in Bahrain, that I had plenty to work with and choose from for my package.
I also interviewed Ali to localise the story and to strengthen the human interest topic in the piece. I managed to find copyright free footage from www.creativecommons.com of the recent Bahrain protests which was fantastic to use as a headline clip and really emphasised the story.
I planned exactly how I wanted the package to open and which clips from the interview I wanted to use. I opened with a short interview clip from Ali, followed by clips of the protests to link across to the interview with Mr Al- Jamri. I was thoroughly pleased with the scripting and overall outcome of the package. The guest editor on WINOL that week was Tom Hepworth from BBC South and I received some really positive feedback from him on my package. He said he liked my opening interview with Ali as it was slightly unconventional but worked well, although I could have used more shots of Ali’s face at the end to emphasise the human interest and local connections in the story.
Overall, I was really pleased with how the package turned out and I was proud to say I managed to successfully conduct a skype interview, use copyright free footage and localise a story which is such a huge worldwide newsworthy topic.
WINOL Semester Two, Week Three.
The third week of the semester saw me making my presenting debut. I was extremely nervous as I had become used to being behind the camera, rather than in front of it. I also had to put together an OOV for the bulletin, as opposed to a package, as I could not introduce myself on a news story.
Again, I found it difficult to find a campus related story that did not revolve around finance, so I did a short piece on an employment fair at the university. My news editor came with me to help me film whilst I interviewed representatives from different job industries. Having someone to help me film made me realise how much I lacked confidence on cameras and framing interviews, as I realised I was constantly asking for reassurance and if everything was set up appropriately. I definitely needed to be more assertive.
I edited and scripted my OOV ready to go in the bulletin. It was a fairly basic piece but at least I would have something to go into the bulletin, unlike the previous week.
Actually presenting the bulletin was far more fun and relaxed than I expected. I thought I would be more nervous but after rehearsal I realised that there was not anything to worry about. We did a live OB for sport and that went smoothly and I managed to make it through the entire bulletin stutter free. We had pre- recorded the end of the bulletin as we did a short interview with one of the production team, Justina Chlad, on her polish bulletin. Overall I was happy with how it had gone and I received praise on my confidence in presenting. It is definitely something I could get used to.
Again, I found it difficult to find a campus related story that did not revolve around finance, so I did a short piece on an employment fair at the university. My news editor came with me to help me film whilst I interviewed representatives from different job industries. Having someone to help me film made me realise how much I lacked confidence on cameras and framing interviews, as I realised I was constantly asking for reassurance and if everything was set up appropriately. I definitely needed to be more assertive.
I edited and scripted my OOV ready to go in the bulletin. It was a fairly basic piece but at least I would have something to go into the bulletin, unlike the previous week.
Actually presenting the bulletin was far more fun and relaxed than I expected. I thought I would be more nervous but after rehearsal I realised that there was not anything to worry about. We did a live OB for sport and that went smoothly and I managed to make it through the entire bulletin stutter free. We had pre- recorded the end of the bulletin as we did a short interview with one of the production team, Justina Chlad, on her polish bulletin. Overall I was happy with how it had gone and I received praise on my confidence in presenting. It is definitely something I could get used to.
HCJ Seminar: Tractatus Logico Philosophicus, Ludwig Wittgenstein
The introduction to Wittgenstein’s Tractatus is written by Bertrand Russell and explains some of the books main ideas and concepts.
Russell begins by outlining Wittgenstein’s ideas on symbolism and language. He initially identifies the four main problems with language.
1)What it is that occurs in our minds when we use language with the intention of meaning something by it
2)The relationship subsisting between thoughts, words, sentences and what they refer to and mean
3)Using sentences to convey the truth instead of lies
4)The relation one fact (i.e a sentence) has to another in order to be a symbol for the other.
There are conditions for accurate symbolism. A logically perfect language has rules of syntax which prevents nonsense and single symbols have a definite and unique meaning. An ideal language would have one symbol for everything and no multiple meanings.
Wittgenstein also makes a comparison between linguistics and geometry. A geometrical figure can be projected in many different ways, with each corresponding to a different language. Proposition and fact must have something in common if the proposition is to assert the fact. For example; ‘Socrates loves Plato.’ The two men must be named and the word ‘loves’ establishes a certain relationship between the two names.
‘We make to ourselves pictures of facts.’ Wittgenstein believed that a picture is a model of reality and the objects in the reality correspond to the elements of the picture. The picture itself is a fact. However, the picture must share a logical form with the fact. This logical form cannot be depicted.
The world is not described by merely naming all the objects in it.
The preface to Wittgenstein’s Tractatus opens by stating ‘This book will only be understood by those who have themselves thought the thoughts that are expressed in it or similar thoughts.’
The book deals with the problems of philosophy and states that the method of formulating these problems rests on the misunderstanding of the logic of our language. Wittgenstein drew a limit to thinking and the expression of thought. He firmly believed in his idea of logic and was certain he had solved the problems put forth by himself, but little had been done about it.
The first part of the Tractatus deals with ontology, what the world is made up of fundamentally. Everything relies on fact, the world is made up only of facts and divides into facts. Objects form the substance of the world and cannot be compound. Something either has a singular meaning, making it easy to define, or multiple meanings, making it difficult to differentiate.
Space, time and colour are all forms of objects and the existence of objects provides the world with a fixed form. Logical form is the form of reality.
What is thinkable is also possible. We cannot think anything illogical or we would have to think illogically. Therefore, as we cannot think in a manner that defies logic, we are unable to say what an illogical world would look like.
Reality is made up of simple objects which are combined to form states of affairs. A state of affairs either can be the case or cannot be the case. The world is the totality of states of affairs.
Objects are simple and cannot be analysed, as they only exist within the context of the state of affairs. Each object has a logical form which determines their combination within the state of affairs. Think of it like links in a chain. However each object does not need a relational object to hold them together. Logical connections between states of affairs and elementary propositions show themselves, so there is no need for logical objects such as ‘and’ or ‘that’ to hold them together. The premise that logical objects do not actually represent anything is one of Wittgenstein’s fundamental ideas.
Wittgenstein moves on to look at how language works to accurately describe the world. Language is made up of propositions. A proposition is a logical picture of reality and it mirrors reality by sharing its logical form. Names mirror objects.
Elements in a proposition are set out to resemble the reality which they represent. Signs acquire meaning through their use in propositions. If a sign is used in two entirely different ways, it represents two entirely different signs.
Wittgenstein believed that most problems within philosophy arise because people attempt to talk about things which can only be shown. Wittgenstein differentiates between ‘formal concepts,’ which cannot be spoken about, and ‘concepts proper,’ which are legitimate components of propositions. Philosophy is NOT a body of propositions, it should instead be thought of as an activity to clarify the logical structure of language and thought.
Wittgenstein also outlines three different types of proposition:
1)Tautologies- which are always true
2)Contradictions- which are always false
3)Propositions with a sense- which can either be true or false
True propositions always follow on from one another. However, if any part of the proposition is false, it falsifies the entire proposition. This can be fully explained by using Frager’s truth tables. Propositions of logic are all tautologies and therefore all equivalent.
Wittgenstein believed that language and the world both shared the same limits, leading to the reflection that the claim made in solipsism that ‘the world is my world’ is correct. However solipsism also cannot be put into language.
Wittgenstein also looks at maths and states that it does not actually say anything about the world but instead reflects the construction of propositions. Moving on from this, he says that the laws of science are not logical laws but merely an interpretive method.
Wittgenstein concludes that the only correct method to apply in philosophy is to remain entirely silent about philosophical questions. Anyone trying to talk about philosophy, is effectively just talking nonsense.
‘What we cannot speak about, we must pass over in silence.’
Russell begins by outlining Wittgenstein’s ideas on symbolism and language. He initially identifies the four main problems with language.
1)What it is that occurs in our minds when we use language with the intention of meaning something by it
2)The relationship subsisting between thoughts, words, sentences and what they refer to and mean
3)Using sentences to convey the truth instead of lies
4)The relation one fact (i.e a sentence) has to another in order to be a symbol for the other.
There are conditions for accurate symbolism. A logically perfect language has rules of syntax which prevents nonsense and single symbols have a definite and unique meaning. An ideal language would have one symbol for everything and no multiple meanings.
Wittgenstein also makes a comparison between linguistics and geometry. A geometrical figure can be projected in many different ways, with each corresponding to a different language. Proposition and fact must have something in common if the proposition is to assert the fact. For example; ‘Socrates loves Plato.’ The two men must be named and the word ‘loves’ establishes a certain relationship between the two names.
‘We make to ourselves pictures of facts.’ Wittgenstein believed that a picture is a model of reality and the objects in the reality correspond to the elements of the picture. The picture itself is a fact. However, the picture must share a logical form with the fact. This logical form cannot be depicted.
The world is not described by merely naming all the objects in it.
The preface to Wittgenstein’s Tractatus opens by stating ‘This book will only be understood by those who have themselves thought the thoughts that are expressed in it or similar thoughts.’
The book deals with the problems of philosophy and states that the method of formulating these problems rests on the misunderstanding of the logic of our language. Wittgenstein drew a limit to thinking and the expression of thought. He firmly believed in his idea of logic and was certain he had solved the problems put forth by himself, but little had been done about it.
The first part of the Tractatus deals with ontology, what the world is made up of fundamentally. Everything relies on fact, the world is made up only of facts and divides into facts. Objects form the substance of the world and cannot be compound. Something either has a singular meaning, making it easy to define, or multiple meanings, making it difficult to differentiate.
Space, time and colour are all forms of objects and the existence of objects provides the world with a fixed form. Logical form is the form of reality.
What is thinkable is also possible. We cannot think anything illogical or we would have to think illogically. Therefore, as we cannot think in a manner that defies logic, we are unable to say what an illogical world would look like.
Reality is made up of simple objects which are combined to form states of affairs. A state of affairs either can be the case or cannot be the case. The world is the totality of states of affairs.
Objects are simple and cannot be analysed, as they only exist within the context of the state of affairs. Each object has a logical form which determines their combination within the state of affairs. Think of it like links in a chain. However each object does not need a relational object to hold them together. Logical connections between states of affairs and elementary propositions show themselves, so there is no need for logical objects such as ‘and’ or ‘that’ to hold them together. The premise that logical objects do not actually represent anything is one of Wittgenstein’s fundamental ideas.
Wittgenstein moves on to look at how language works to accurately describe the world. Language is made up of propositions. A proposition is a logical picture of reality and it mirrors reality by sharing its logical form. Names mirror objects.
Elements in a proposition are set out to resemble the reality which they represent. Signs acquire meaning through their use in propositions. If a sign is used in two entirely different ways, it represents two entirely different signs.
Wittgenstein believed that most problems within philosophy arise because people attempt to talk about things which can only be shown. Wittgenstein differentiates between ‘formal concepts,’ which cannot be spoken about, and ‘concepts proper,’ which are legitimate components of propositions. Philosophy is NOT a body of propositions, it should instead be thought of as an activity to clarify the logical structure of language and thought.
Wittgenstein also outlines three different types of proposition:
1)Tautologies- which are always true
2)Contradictions- which are always false
3)Propositions with a sense- which can either be true or false
True propositions always follow on from one another. However, if any part of the proposition is false, it falsifies the entire proposition. This can be fully explained by using Frager’s truth tables. Propositions of logic are all tautologies and therefore all equivalent.
Wittgenstein believed that language and the world both shared the same limits, leading to the reflection that the claim made in solipsism that ‘the world is my world’ is correct. However solipsism also cannot be put into language.
Wittgenstein also looks at maths and states that it does not actually say anything about the world but instead reflects the construction of propositions. Moving on from this, he says that the laws of science are not logical laws but merely an interpretive method.
Wittgenstein concludes that the only correct method to apply in philosophy is to remain entirely silent about philosophical questions. Anyone trying to talk about philosophy, is effectively just talking nonsense.
‘What we cannot speak about, we must pass over in silence.’
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